blood

Niddah – Practical laws

July 6, 2011

MenstruationAlthough there are different Biblical regulations for normal menstruation – ”Niddah”, and abnormal menstruation – ”Zavah”, these became conflated during the classical era, and the Talmud relates that menstruating women always followed the requirements imposed by both; the reasons for this were the subject of debate between some medieval Jewish commentators. See the section, below, [...]No related posts.

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Religious behaviour – Religious avoidances

July 6, 2011

MenstruationA religious avoidance is when a person desists from something or from some action for religious reasons. It can be food or drink that one does not touch because of one’s religion for some time (fast). This abstinence can also be for a longer time. Some people do not have sex (celibacy). Or one avoids [...]No related posts.

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Choline – Role in humans

July 5, 2011

MenopausalPhysiology Choline and its metabolites are needed for three main physiological purposes: structural integrity and signaling roles for cell membranes, cholinergic neurotransmission (acetylcholine synthesis), and as a major source for methyl groups via its metabolite, trimethylglycine (betaine) that participates in the S-adenosylmethionine synthesis pathways. Fish odor syndrome Choline is a precursor to trimethylamine, which some [...]No related posts.

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Pregnancy – Diagnosis

July 5, 2011

Menstrual cycleThe beginning of pregnancy may be detected in a number of different ways, either by a pregnant woman without medical testing, or by using medical tests with or without the assistance of a medical professional. Most pregnant women experience a number of symptoms , which can signify pregnancy. The symptoms can include nausea and vomiting, [...]No related posts.

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Germ cell – Gametogenesis

July 2, 2011

Follicle-stimulating HormoneGametogenesis, the development of diploid germ cells into either haploid eggs or sperm, (respectively oogenesis and spermatogenesis) is different for each species but the general stages are similar. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis have many features in common, they both involve: *Meiosis *Extensive morphological differentiation *Incapacity of surviving for very long if fertilization does not occur Despite [...]No related posts.

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Germ cell – Gametogenesis

July 2, 2011

Follicle-stimulating HormoneGametogenesis, the development of diploid germ cells into either haploid eggs or sperm, (respectively oogenesis and spermatogenesis) is different for each species but the general stages are similar. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis have many features in common, they both involve: *Meiosis *Extensive morphological differentiation *Incapacity of surviving for very long if fertilization does not occur Despite [...]No related posts.

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Puberty – Neurohormonal process

July 1, 2011

Follicle-stimulating HormoneThe endocrine reproductive system consists of the hypothalamus, the pituitary, the gonads, and the adrenal glands, with input and regulation from many other body systems. True puberty is often termed “central puberty” because it begins as a process of the central nervous system. A simple description of hormonal puberty is as follows: #The brain’s hypothalamus [...]No related posts.

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Mittelschmerz – Causes

June 29, 2011

Menstrual cycleMittelschmerz is believed to have a variety of causes: *Follicular swelling: The swelling of follicles in the ovaries prior to ovulation. While only one or two eggs mature to the point of being released, a number of follicles grow during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (non-dominant follicles atrophy prior to ovulation). Because follicles [...]No related posts.

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Instillation abortion – Complications

June 29, 2011

Once in common practice, abortion by intrauterine instillation has fallen out of favor, due to its association with serious adverse effects and its replacement by procedures which require less time and result in less physical discomfort. Saline is in general safer and more effective than the other intrauterine solutions because it is likely to work [...]No related posts.

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Melatonin – In mammals

June 29, 2011

Circadian RhythmMelatonin produced in the pineal gland, which is outside of the blood-brain barrier, acts as an endocrine hormone since it is released into the blood. By contrast, melatonin produced by the retina and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract acts as a paracrine hormone. Melatonin can suppress libido by inhibiting secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle [...]No related posts.

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