cortisol

Pheromone – Uses

July 4, 2011

Menstrual cycleNon-human animals Pheromones of pest insect species, such as the Japanese beetle and the gypsy moth, can be used to induce many behaviors. As a result, a pheromone trap can be used to trap pests for monitoring purposes, to control the population by creating confusion, to disrupt mating, as well as to prevent further egg [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, Menstrual Cycle, sweat

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Nuclear receptor – Agonism vs antagonism

July 4, 2011

ProgesteroneDepending on the receptor involved, the chemical structure of the ligand and the tissue that is being affected, nuclear receptor ligands may display dramatically diverse effects ranging in a spectrum from agonism to antagonism to inverse agonism. Agonists The activity of endogenous ligands (such as the hormones estradiol and testosterone) when bound to their cognate [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency – Pathophysiology

July 4, 2011

ProgesteroneThe defective enzyme P450c21, commonly referred to as 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), is embedded in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the cells of the adrenal cortex. It catalyzes hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol in the glucocorticoid pathway from pregnenolone to cortisol. It also catalyzes hydroxylation of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in the mineralocorticoid pathway on its way [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, DHEA, progesterone, testosterone

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency – Pathophysiology

July 4, 2011

ProgesteroneThe defective enzyme P450c21, commonly referred to as 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), is embedded in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the cells of the adrenal cortex. It catalyzes hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol in the glucocorticoid pathway from pregnenolone to cortisol. It also catalyzes hydroxylation of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in the mineralocorticoid pathway on its way [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, DHEA, progesterone, testosterone

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Mifepristone – Pharmacology

June 30, 2011

ProgesteroneIn the presence of progesterone, mifepristone acts as a competitive receptor antagonist at the progesterone receptor (in the absence of progesterone, mifepristone acts as a partial agonist). Mifepristone is a 19-nor steroid with a bulky ”p”-(dimethylamino)phenyl substituent above the plane of the molecule at the 11β-position responsible for inducing or stabilizing an inactive receptor conformation [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, endometrium, Pregnancy, progesterone, testosterone

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Hypopituitarism – Signs and symptoms

June 29, 2011

Follicle-stimulating HormoneThe hormones of the pituitary have different actions in the body, and the symptoms of hypopituitarism therefore depend on which hormone is deficient. The symptoms may be subtle and are often initially attributed to other causes. In most of the cases, three or more hormones are deficient. The most common problem is insufficiency of follicle-stimulating [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, hypothyroidism, menstrual periods, thyroid, weight loss

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Levonorgestrel – Chemistry

June 29, 2011

ProgesteroneChemically, it is a hormonally active levorotatory enantiomer of the racemic mixture norgestrel. It is a gonane progestin derived from 19-nortestosterone. Its ”in vitro” relative binding affinities at human steroid hormone receptors are: 323% that of progesterone at the progesterone receptor, 58% that of testosterone at the androgen receptor, 17% that of aldosterone at the [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone

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Pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome – Endocrine system

June 28, 2011

A 2006 update in the journal ”Current Opinion in Psychiatry” stated, “Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome continue to demonstrate the involvement of the central nervous system. Hyperserotonergic state and hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) constitute other findings, but the question of whether these alterations are a cause or [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, Hormone, stress, thyroid

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Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia – Clinical manifestations

June 27, 2011

MenarcheProblems that emerge in persons with lipoid CAH can be divided into: # mineralocorticoid deficiency, # glucocorticoid deficiency, # sex steroid deficiency, and # damage to gonads caused by lipid accumulation. Mineralocorticoid deficiency Most infants born with lipoid CAH have had genitalia female enough that no disease was suspected at birth. Because the adrenal zona [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, estradiol, progesterone

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Hormone – Chemical classes of hormones

June 27, 2011

Follicle-stimulating HormoneVertebrate hormones fall into three chemical classes: * Amine-derived hormones are derivatives of the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Examples are catecholamines and thyroxine. * Peptide hormones consist of chains of amino acids. Examples of small peptide hormones are TRH and vasopressin. Peptides composed of scores or hundreds of amino acids are referred to as [...]No related posts.

Tagged as: cortisol, Hormone, testosterone

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